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袁裕治本人是火车迷，最喜欢西南的纯美自然风光。作品在铁路论坛类论坛发了不少，经一位老朋友介绍来到这里。希望大家都喜欢本人的作品其实美丽的风景并不一定只在各种旅游攻略书籍中，只要自己用心去寻找，西南处处有美景坐着西南的绿皮火车，慢慢的欣赏自然风光就是个不错的选择。 由于西南特殊地形的限制，这里的铁路线大多建于本世纪五、六十年代，线路蜿延前行，无数铁道兵战士为了修建祖国的钢铁大动脉，将自己的青春献给了这里，甚至付出了宝贵的生命。 虽然西南铁路路网稠密，但由于受到地理环境条件的限制。除新修的渝怀、新黔桂线之外，基本上都修建于本世纪五、六十年代。受资金、技术、设备所限。基本上都是单线铁路。经常需要穿越山脉、河流。只能依山蜿蜒前行。这种独特的景观是平原地区的线路所不具备的。 西南地区大致包括四川、重庆、贵州、云南、湘西等地。其中铁路风光最美丽的是成昆、（成都--昆明）川黔（重庆--贵阳）、内六（内江--六盘水） 渝怀（重庆北--怀化）、南昆（南宁--昆明）、贵昆、湘黔（株洲--贵阳）、水柏（六盘水--柏果）、焦柳线南段等线路。 此次出行线路： D1、郑州----昆明（南航航班） D2、昆明----石林（7452次列车硬座，游览石林车站周边） 石林----威舍（普通慢车硬座） D3、威舍----六盘水（6001次列车硬座） D4、六盘水----怀化（K110次列车硬座） D5、怀化----漾头（7272次列车硬座） 暴走漾头--九龙洞缓开站区间10公里，拦车去铜仁 铜仁----怀化（7271次列车硬座） D6、怀化----郑州（K268次列车硬座） D7、郑州----贵阳（1645次列车硬卧） D8、贵阳----重庆（绿皮列车硬卧） D9、重庆----白马（长途客车） 白马----涪陵----重庆（长途客车） 重庆----郑州（南航CZ3480航班）回复 伤心的宾宾 的帖子早早订下到昆明的1.8折特价机票 09年4月初的1天，出发前往新郑国际机场……驶上机场高速，旁边是京港澳高速河南的高速公路非常发达，通车里程全国第一郑州新郑国际机场……地处中原腹地省会郑州，位于我国最繁忙的京广航路的中部，又在沿海地区和西部地区结合部分，因此是我国重要的干线机场及空中交通枢纽。它位于郑州市东南方向，距郑州市区直线距离15公里，距新郑市区直线距离15公里。 于1997年8月28日通航的郑州新郑机场是按照国际化准设计的，场道布局合理，设施功能完善，机场飞行区等级为4E级，机场占地面积为25平方公里，跑道长3800米，宽65米，可满足目前世界上最大的b747---400型客机起降。停机坪面积87万平方米，可同时停放18架大型飞机。航行管制系统配备有全固态一/二次雷达，跑道双向仪表着陆系统，双向进近灯光系统，全向信台地空数据链及vhf四/八信道无线共用系统先进装备，保证飞机的正常飞行及夜航和盲降的要求远处还有焦作、晋城的大巴 郑州新郑机场相继开通了省内各省辖市，还有山西晋城的班车。头一次在新郑机场新航站楼乘机，挺新鲜我的航班CZ3439，14：50起飞BS此人，用自己扮演的伟人形象为产品代言中国南方航空公司的波音737--300小型客机， 它将搭载我飞进美丽的大西南 到昆明的航线一直是热门线路。今天的上座率达到了98%蓝天，白云朵朵……餐食不错 牛肉、鱼肉饭二选一，小面包、涪陵榨菜、圣水果、 还有餐巾纸、湿巾、牙。 为旅客想的很周到经过2小时18分钟的飞行，准备降落……昆明当天下雨，下车后坐上52路前往市区。 途中停车“双桥村”，显然是都市村庄。 这里肯定有物美价廉的旅馆，在此下车这里小旅馆，招待所很多。价格从10--50元不等 35元的小准间，还不错 还提供一次性洗漱用品条件还不错，35元挺值晒一下自己所带的物品 自认为该带的都带了，没想到一件非常重要的物品却忘到了家中…… 给我的行程带来了无尽的遗憾！当天晚上先去昆明站买票，这里离火车站不远 当时下雨，昆明站售票厅内买票的旅客很多，但只开了4个窗口 没有警察维持秩序，看得出其中有几个小偷 排队20分钟后买到次日的7452车票 昆明--红果次日早早起床，准备乘公交开往昆明站。 这里位于春城路，位于昆明巫家坝国际机场和火车站的正中间。 交通还是非常方便的31路公交车到了终点站……昆明站 却还要走500多米昆明站的建筑还是非常漂亮的昆明站，或者称南窑火车站 址在云南省昆明市官渡区官渡镇，北京路的南端.同时也是昆明市区的南部，可乘2、3、23、83、等公交车到达。邮政编码650200。建于1997年。离南宁站811公里，，隶属昆明铁路局管辖。现为特等站。客运：办理旅客乘降；行李、包裹托运。货运：办理整车货物发到；不办理整车爆炸品及整车一级氧化剂发这个雕像似乎更应该放在证券营业部…… 已经登上7452次列车…… 旁边是T61次的到达车底，还未回库 昆明站唯一跨局特快……车票…… 如果只为了到红果，完全可以坐8：08始发的6062次。此车途经贵昆，盘西线到达红果。全程261KM 而我所坐的7452将走南昆，经威舍上威红线到达红果。全程376KM 至于原因……只为了运转美丽的石林告别昆明站…… 开始自己的第一段旅程此时与贵昆线平行，一会儿才能驶上南昆线([]
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王依昀新加坡樟宜国际机场航站楼内出租车行驶在绿意浓浓的街道上蓝天白云映衬下的街区 便利的交通、交流无阻的普通话、良好的治安管理、发达的经济、干净整洁的环境、绿意充盈的热带风情，充满活力的新加坡是出国旅游不容错过的观光地。 由于时间有限，很多游客都是跟团旅游，在新加坡逗留的时间只有1、2天，多是走马观花。 其实，如果能够静下心来慢游，新加坡是非常不错好地方。新加坡在细节上让人感觉很舒服，一切细节都是以人为本，换钱问路和交通都很方便。 进入新加坡，首先要达到新加坡樟宜国际机场。樟宜机场相当漂亮，据说是全世界唯一的5星级机场，也是国际上最繁忙的机场之一，给人的感觉是大而不空旷，干净温馨，到处都是绿化，很漂亮。 机场里有汉语指示，跟着指示，能来到出关与填入境卡的地方，机上没填的或者不合格的在这填吧，边上就是WC，这里有各种语言的新加坡地图和旅游资料，可根据自己需要随便免费拿走。这些新加坡地图和旅游资料相当实用和人性化（在新加坡市内，仅一张旅游地图就需要10新币，相当于人民币50元）。 樟宜机场有3个航站楼，t2和t3都可以坐地铁，t1需要坐机场的快客到t或t3坐地铁，在机场乘公交和打的也很方便。 在新加坡住5天以上最好办个Elink卡，地铁、公交、小超市和一些小店都可以用，每次坐车能便宜不少钱，离开时退换余款留个卡可做纪念。新加坡的地铁孩子90cm以上就要买票。 在新加坡旅游，完全可以自己坐地铁、公交或出租车去每个景点，很方便。新加坡的地铁系统发达，互相换乘方便，而且新加坡地铁站许多与公交站是纵横交叉的，可以不出站换乘公交车。新加坡的公交系统也很发达，上下车自觉刷卡就可，根据行驶距离自动计算收费。但新加坡车厢里不准吃东西、喝饮料，否则罚款几千元人民币，逃票罚款也很严厉。 新加坡曾是英国殖民地，开车习惯与国内相反，方向盘在右边，车辆和行人都是靠左行驶，刚去时很不习惯。有一天，看到一辆车里面一个很小的女孩在开车，很惊讶，再仔细看，她是坐在副驾驶上，她爸爸在另一边开车呢。哈哈！ 在新加坡的七天里，几乎没有见过警察，更不要说站在马路边上的“协警”了，最繁华的十字路口也没有警察指挥交通。 新加坡的治安也是国际上出名好的地方，在这里旅游，你会感觉很安全。感受新加坡之一——漫步岛国看狮城 干净清新亦繁华（概述篇） https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2172957-1-1.html感受新加坡之二——休闲小岛走不停 亚洲最南寻风情（圣淘沙篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2182169&page=1&extra=#pid50347652感受新加坡之三——参天巨树生满园热带风情绿无限（植物园篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2231866&;page=1&extra=#pid53500784感受新加坡之四——绿意充盈总统府世外桃源乌敏岛（总统府和乌敏岛篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2253589&page=1&extra=#pid55203314感受新加坡之五——海风轻拂鱼尾狮 流光溢彩夜迟迟（滨海湾篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2255988-1-1.html感受新加坡之六——狮城国花胡姬花千姿百态芬芳开（胡姬花篇）https//bbs.8264.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=2299743&page=1&extra=#pid58352540感受新加坡之七——小印度里寻缩影甘榜格南回族情（新加坡河等篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2322447-1-1.html感受新加坡之九——狮城春节气息浓牛车水里最喜庆（春节和牛车水篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2330106-1-1.html感受新加坡之十——方式灵活有初院 环境优美好校园（南初篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2344728-1-1.html感受新加坡之十一——享誉全球名高校 环境优雅美校园（南大篇）https//bbs.8264.com/thread-2354269-1-1.html 从首都北京离开心爱的祖国 中英文对照的新加坡地铁线路图 夜色下的首都机场停机坪 到达新加坡就遇到在国内难得一遇的彩虹天 行驶在街道上的公交车 有的地方地铁线和公交并行 干净整洁的街区 司机在清洗大车车轮，在国内很少见过这样洗车的吧。 新加坡的组屋（普通新加坡人主要的住房，有政府资助），组屋一层供居民聚集、休憩、活动用。 新加坡旅游地图 在新加坡更多的是全英文的地图和志 等车的人们 新加坡有的地铁站带有中英文对照的站牌 等机的乘客 樟宜机场停机坪 樟宜机场停机坪 樟宜机场航站楼内 宽阔的道路车并不多，新加坡有私家车的人较少（政府严格控制私家车购买）。 公交停车站 道路两旁都是绿色 处处都干净整洁 清洁工多是印度人 地铁站多与商场相接，且接的很自然。 商场里可谓玲琅满目 街上的雕塑 精品店 河边的街区 街边的大厦 街边的居民([]
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余欣勋每当回想起那些行走的时光，脑海里就会浮现出喜怒哀乐！每当看到旅行结束后拍摄的照片，是否又仿佛回到那行走中的场景和梦境！每当我要用键盘敲写记录一次长线经历时，我真的不知道该如何去描述自己的经历和感受！全球首发-- 海拔6691米的未登峰比如它索峰高清大图（转载请注明出处）https//www.9ku.com/share/true_457712/singleplayer.swf为了方便查看每日更新，这里编辑汇总了每天的链接地址，请点击查看：拉萨段（17楼起）林芝段--月圆之日相聚林芝，追梦、渴望让心相连。。。（299楼起）徒步D1--沉重的脚步，踏上追梦之旅。。。（340楼起）户外知识之野外生火（407楼）徒步D2--晴朗的天空，视觉的盛宴。。。（408楼起）户外知识之藏区注意事项（444）徒步D3--迷失和伤痛，也决不放弃。。。（470楼起）徒步D4--生命的尝试，是否真的值得。。。（510楼起）徒步D5--淡淡秋意，壮美的杰拉山谷。。。（551楼起）徒步D6--离别（599楼起）徒步D7--无休止的攀爬。。。（731楼起）徒步D8--令人窒息的观景台（782楼起）徒步D9--Chuchepo冰川（874楼起）徒步D10--大自然的毁灭（975楼起）户外知识之常规垃圾处理(1013楼起）徒步D11-12--艰难的穿越之旅，我们不舍离别（1033楼起）。。。全文完。。。 这是一次追梦的历程，这也是一次只有勇敢者才能完成的探路穿越活动！西藏阿尔卑斯B线探路，我们途中经历太多坎坷和危险路段，大部分队员都背负着十二天食物和装备，负重都在20-30公斤。迈着沉重的脚步，队员们心中都充满着期待和探索欲望；走在艰难的道路上，你们很勇敢。虽然十几天的经历，会给人在情绪和身体上带来极大的折磨和摧残，但最终，我们追随梦的脚步，完成了这次艰难而又极具富有挑战的野外探路穿越！海拔6455米的比如它索峰卫二峰 今年的长线计划最初的想法来自于2011年的一篇山峰讨论贴，念青唐古拉山东段的山脉让我大为吸引，在去年国庆时成功组队西藏阿尔卑斯A线探路，但因行程中有一名队员严重高反，而后第四天我自愿放弃穿越随即陪同安全下撤，遗憾中带有希望，未完的行程也带给我一丝的梦想，让我在今年有了重返那片神秘的梦想之地！海拔6018米的未登峰 念青唐古拉山脉位于青藏高原的东南，西接冈底斯山脉，东南延伸与横断山脉伯舒拉岭相接，中部略为向北凸起，地理上将西藏划分成藏北、藏南、藏东南三大区域。念青唐古拉自西向东绵长700公里，终年白雪皑皑，念青唐古拉山脉有2905条冰川，面积5898平方公里，覆盖了这一地区总面积的大约7%。如果加上附近1638平方公里的梅里雪山冰川，冰川的总面积将达到7536平方公里，在中国的冰川地区中排第四位，总面积相当于欧洲阿尔卑斯地区冰川面积的1.7倍。这里有逾百座6000米以上的山峰未曾攀登过，迷人的高傲雪峰和河谷环绕着一个个风景如画、历史悠久的村镇，加之点缀其间的无数冰川、湖泊令人们想起欧洲的阿尔卑斯山区，一些国外登山家称这里为“西藏的阿尔卑斯”。Nenang乃朗峰(6870米)被陡峭的雪壁和危险的山脊所拱卫，惊险的金字塔形山峰Kajaqiao高耸入云端，令人印象非常深刻，还有很多诱人的未登峰在等待攀登者们的光临。 12天高海拔重装无向导，无马匹，无背夫；这次队伍有点大，出发时总共11人，七名队友完成12天穿越，有一位队友第三天清晨下撤，还有三人在第六天下午安全下撤(后续更新中会描述下撤原因)；全程平均海拔在4600米左右，途中翻越两个接近5400米的垭口，行程中最低海拔3798米，最高海拔5395米，总里程约超过141公里。 追梦的足迹，无畏的勇者，感谢一路走来的队友，感谢你们与我共进的心，感谢兄弟姐妹你们在旅途中的喜怒哀乐，也感谢这次梦想活动戈尔公司和ozark品牌的支持！这是一次让我记忆永生的野外穿越活动。。。团队介绍：这次行程遗憾的是没有给队友们拍靓照，下面的合照简单介绍下队员，根据下图从左到右 涛声：资深户外爱好者，丰富的带队经验及山野户外经验。这是第一次与他同行，体能和意志力都非常棒，善于言谈。真心感谢一起走过顺利完成这次穿越！ 夹子：随行影像拍摄者，这是他第一次高海拔重装长线，他的负重已经超出他以往重量的几倍了，虽然刚开始行走时非常辛苦，但能一起走过了，并且坚持到第六天下撤，真的不容易。 执着鸟：资深户外爱好者，一起走过多次的好友。她的耐力和负重都比较优越，高海拔适应非常快，也是全程完成穿越的队员之一，这次她的负重已经超过了22公斤！ 板凳熊：随行媒体，高原经验丰富，体能和意志力也都非常好，只是在负重方面略显不足，性格非常随和，一路走在前队都是有说有笑！这次因她个人原因，也是在第六天下撤队员之一。 小鸽子：资深户外爱好者，连续两年一起长线的队友！MM虽然很瘦小，但她的高原适应能力非常强，负重、体能和意志力都很好，也是全程穿越完成队员之一。在途中偶尔会有些埋怨和泄气，但我从内心真心理解和体谅，12天穿越对于她太不容易了！最后几天看着小鸽子走的真是辛苦，能一起坚持到最后我们都是胜利的！ 辉仔：资深户外爱好者，有着丰富的长线和高海拔经验，体能和意志力都非常棒，这次全程都基本在前队，全程完成穿越队员之一！虽然一路上有些调皮和个性凸显，但还是很好相处的，也是个难得的开心果。 帐篷：资深户外爱好者，前锋队员，一路都是在前队，丰富的高原和长线经验，体能和耐力都非常棒。虽然他不太善于言谈，但也是全程完成穿越的队员之一，这次出行他的嘴唇可真是苦恼了他！ 寒江：资深户外爱好者，连续两年一起长线的队友，负重和高原适应能力都不错！喜欢摄影，这次为了减重他既然单反都没有带，只是携带了卡片机，这是我意想不到的！但意想不到的是他在第六天因为个人原因必须要下撤，大家也都能理解，可真心能希望他一起走完全程，这也是这次出行的遗憾！ 星星点灯：资深户外爱好者，一起走过多次的好友。丰富的山野户外经验，背负能力和意志力都非常棒，精通厨艺，途中营地晚餐他的煎饼可是绝活啊！也是全程完成穿越队员之一。 孙磊：随行媒体，单车和徒步爱好者，这次出行他好像是第一次背负20公斤以上，行走在高海拔地区，高原适应缓慢，第二天下午就感觉他走的很辛苦，晚上只好劝说他第三天清晨沿着来路尽快下撤。也是第一次与他同行，了解甚少！ 中国龙：本人，发帖者，召集着，相机后面的人！喜欢重装阿式自助野外穿越，喜欢和有共同爱好的山友一起行走在大自然中，探索和欣赏未知的世界！补发一张在林芝宾馆门前出发时拍的11人全家福 传奇的“喀斯特洞穴” 布如沟风光 行走在尼屋藏布山谷的原始森林中 一年一次的长线计划，已经成为平时生活中的精神支柱，没有太多的追求和目的，只是为了这份兴趣，和有共同爱好的山友一起行走在美妙的大自然中，感受大自然拥有的神奇和魅力！！！ 线路简介：西藏的阿尔卑斯B线，是本人原创精心策划和设计的线路！位于念青唐古拉山东段，地处林芝的西北方向，那曲嘉黎县东南方向，距离林芝和嘉黎县都是一百多公里，虽然距离不远，从林芝方向到达徒步起点，包车还是比较方便，但如果从嘉黎县包车到达徒步终点的位置就相对危险很多，沿途峡谷、急流，山路崎岖，基本都是碎石路面，时而会有落石和滑坡现象，夜间和雨季更不要冒然行进。公路路况不好，交通不便且非常危险！这次的徒步起点为娘蒲乡，终点为忠于乡。南北气候差异较大，途中遇到冰雹，雨雪，冰川，河流，乱石坡，碎石坡，森林，沼泽，草甸，沙石路，河滩，断崖等等路况及天气。整条线路对于高海拔适应还是比较合理的，但危险性相对较高，有好几处危险路段，而且有几处容易迷路！线路攻略：至此这条线路游记公布后，不少朋友咨询，在此还是简单写写关于线路的一些重要节点和危险路段，及线路行进的相关事项和建议：整条线路可以划分为两部分，既从娘蒲乡到崩嘎村可以划分为第一部分，崩嘎村到忠于乡为第二部分，这里重点说说第一部分：第一部分线路安排：行程：娘蒲乡（3798）--扎拉1号垭口（5395）--杰拉山谷（4190）--崩嘎村（3800）,行程为重装五天，注意事项：从娘蒲乡出发头两天虽然有大路行进，但还是建议全程徒步行走，布如沟的风光非常美，也为翻越后面5400米左右的扎拉1号垭口做海拔适应。队伍行进在第二天以后尽量不要落单，注意预防大型野生动物（如狗熊，黑熊等等），行进至第三天树林时，这里容易迷路，尽量在有经幡的附近寻找小路行走。扎拉1号垭口是根据多个地图数据得知的另外一个扎拉垭口而命名的，也是原本计划翻越的未知垭口，整片狭小的山谷区域都可以叫做扎拉。翻越垭口的路况艰难，陡峭，地形相对复杂，大片的乱石坡和冰川遗留，行进中要切记量力而行，控制队伍的行进范围。扎拉1号垭口至杰拉山谷路段基本都能找到小路行走，但途中也会有部分过头顶的灌木林，遇到时尽量队伍保持紧凑，避免迷路造成不必要的麻烦。杰拉山谷至崩嘎村有明显的藏民小道。线路延展：到达崩嘎村后可以安排两天时间前往琼波戈措观景台营地，往返线路观看雪山和冰川景观，切记，山路陡峭，攀升较大，山坡后半段路迹不明显，有迷失方向的可能，下山要注意保护，防止滑落。由于第二部分的线路未知性太多，翻越罗琼拉垭口也是相对危险性较大，前后的冰川和山体的风化不确定因素较多，从综合考虑，不建议前往行走。而后面的尼屋藏布山谷由于13年7月堰塞湖的灾难，导致当地地形和道路变化极大，出行非常不方便，要是今年的雨季和雪季后，还不知道道路和地形会有什么样变化，不可抗拒因素太多，所以非常不建议这几年再次前往，再者忠于乡当地政府已经不让游客进入，所以想要反向行进的朋友也最好打消这样的念头，安全第一，尼屋藏布那边的道路地形复杂，几年内还是很难恢复的！在此忠告山友们，望能理解！此攻略为本人提示和建议，途中所遇到任何危险和突发事件均已本人无关，请客观的评估您行进的队伍，做好风险预案！ 第三天快到营地时，经过一片很好的草甸，回望队友们行走的一瞬间。。。 这次长线本人所有装备负重清单：服装类：ActionFox帽子 50GTX魔术头巾 25太阳眼镜 50奥索卡冲锋衣 560速干衣 200奥索卡羽绒服670抓绒手套 55内裤3条115抓绒裤 350奥索卡GTX冲锋裤425雪套1双120袜子四双 200服装类共计：2820 露营工具类：GG B80背包加防雨罩：3100帐篷 2550900克白鹅绒，700蓬松度睡袋 1550防潮充气垫 350火凤炉头加盒子 200大个套锅加收缩袋 170保温杯 550筷子加勺子 40熟料大碗加克重杯 110手电加绳子（小手电）：2518节五号电池 450水果刀35毛巾 15牙刷牙膏 100打火机 40防水袋 100四个高山气罐 1480露营工具类共计：10865 行进工具类：GPS（不包电池） 150对讲机加天线加一块电池 240对讲机两块电池 180120编带 75冰爪770行进工具类共计：1415 电器和电源类：单反套机（18-135镜头，相机电池，内存卡） 1100广角镜头 480三块单反电池 150四个内存卡加读卡器 20移动电源加布套加充电头和线 210单反相机电池充电器150手机加两块电池225电器和电源类共计：2335 其他必备物品：身份证、银行卡、相片、现金**、嘉黎县暂住证 50垃圾袋、相机吹气筒、相机布 100行程单、保险单相关信息、行程冰川路段相片 50大地图一张 550防晒霜 100其他必备物品共计：850 香葱加香菜干 150榨菜6X50 300紫菜2包 40盐，鸡精，黑胡椒 350酱油和油 550调料配菜类总计：1390 早餐大米加玉米粒50x12 600路餐150x12 1800晚餐250x12 3000+多出的1500克小包装奶茶六包22X6132 食品正餐总计：7032 三脚架加快门线：1075 全部装备及物品总计：27782克红色部分为必须穿戴物品，所列的重量没有包括鞋子！其中这次十二天穿越，食品到最后穿越完成时早晚餐还有余量，路程是刚好合适！早餐的余下是因为途中有好几天是跟队友一起吃，自己的这份食物就没有用到，加上早餐大米做粥配榨菜，吃到后面真不想吃了。这次尝试了队友小鸽子的鹅肠粉特别好吃，口味比较适合我，又轻便，而易熟，缺点是易碎！下次的长线早餐还需改良！路餐，算是最满意的一次，在北京买的小包装芝麻饼和板栗，口味非常好，这两样食物都是50克一小袋，非常方便，每份准备了12袋。马来西亚巧克力，也是50克一小袋，缺点是吃到最后有点腻了，以后长线只会考虑带芝麻饼和板栗了！晚餐，手工面疙瘩汤配紫菜和葱花香菜，加上汤汁非常美味，制作方法完全是我家乡的做法！每餐250克面粉左右，有时候早餐还会想吃就再做点！面粉真是很方便，可以做煎饼，手工葱花饼，疙瘩汤等等。这些工艺和食材都是很容易在野外实现的！在林芝宾馆拍摄的部分装备 西藏是很多人的梦想之地，拉萨是西藏的省会，今年是第二次到西藏了！给人的印象还是那么好，空气新鲜，天空晴朗。。。 离出行很近了，这次出行约定的集合地是在林芝，考虑到有时间能提前到西藏，所以这次我和队友执着鸟先行到达拉萨，会合队友涛声再一起前往林芝集合！九月15日和队友执着鸟乘飞机抵达拉萨，激动的心情依然是那样的熟悉。这一次是执着鸟第一次来西藏，也是第一次看见藏区的风光，我对她说在西藏这样的风景和天气真是太多了，可她依然控制不住端着相机咔嚓咔嚓不停的照。。。匆匆忙忙已过中午时分，安顿好住宿后，就和队友到处闲逛，等待晚上另一名队友涛声的到来！队友执着鸟 9月16日涛声，我，还有执着鸟，我们三名队员在拉萨闲逛随拍。。。 顺时针围绕着布达拉宫行走，这里似乎一直都很多人，沿途都有转经筒。。。 布达拉宫后面的小公园风景还是非常好的、、、 这不知道是鸭子还是鸽子，能飞能游。。。是不是黄嘴鸥？还是红嘴鸥。。。 蓝天白云与公园的景观完美结合。。。 公园里已经有秋意的感觉。。。 月圆之日相聚林芝，追梦、渴望让心相连。。。 林芝地处西藏东南部，地区政府驻林芝县八一镇。雅鲁藏布江中下游，其西部和西南部分别与拉萨、山南两地市相连，东部和北部分别与昌都地区、那曲地区相连，南部与印度、缅甸两国接壤。林芝平均海拔3100米，总面积116175平方公里，总人口14万人。被称为西藏的江南，以世界上最深的峡谷——雅鲁藏布江大峡谷著称于世。林芝的森林原始景观保存完好，高原挺拔的西藏古柏、喜玛拉雅冷杉、植物活化石“树蕨”以及百余种杜鹃等等应有尽有，素有“天然的自然博物馆”、“自然的绿色基因库”之称。 九月18日我们一行三人从拉萨前往林芝，激动的心情克制不住我们对追梦之路的期待，临近了，是否还在想起那些盼望很久的目的地和沿途的风景！这是我第一次前往林芝，之前在地图上研究过多次，可没想到时间如流水般，让我与林芝近距离相处！大概下午五点左右，到达林芝提前安排的住处，与在此守候多日的队员辉仔回合。。。辉仔来自广东，早前在北京一起走过山，风趣，幽默，加上些少许调皮，有时候也很个性啊，但还是个好队友。他在林芝地区差不多住了一个月，每天都盼望着我们的到来！这可不，相见如归，满脸的胡须已经完全使他变了一个样，让我们个个都大吃一惊！又惊又喜，三两队员就这样聊上了。今天我们已经四名队员，明天19日是我们的集合日期，其余队友都会陆续到达。晚上，四人相聚畅聊，一起吃了一顿美味砂锅蹄子。。。19日下午11名队员都已陆续抵达会和。相聚不如说是团聚和巧遇，这天刚好是中秋节，明天也是我们出行的日子，怎么也得吃顿好的，也算是行前大餐，让大家开心点，进山后可没有这么好的条件了！这样一拍即合，吃石锅鸡，买月饼。。。哎，还是那句话，这次遗憾的没有给队员们拍靓照。。。我和辉仔（右）在路上的合照（小鸽子拍摄） 涛声，徒步第一天拍摄19日先行到的队员们在林芝街区闲逛。前排夹子（左）和孙磊18日我前往鲁朗会友，路上经过垭口时拍摄。。。19日下午天空突变，闪电雷鸣，雨后出现很大很宽的双道彩虹。。。([]
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潘豪桂Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangMr YANG Liusong, a Chinese who just finished the first solo traverse over Chang Tang by cycling from west to east in recorded human history, shared his stunning Expedition with all of us through the forum 8264 https//bbs.8264.com/thread-512349-1-1.html . In order to share his legendary journey with those who cannot read Chinese, I translate his story to English here, which has been approved by Mr YANG Liusong. Hope you guys enjoy it.为了让杨同学的传奇能让全世界的驴友分享，俺决定把杨同学的帖子翻译成英文。为了避免麻烦，俺先来个免责声明：1。杨同学不认识俺，也没有授权俺，如果他说不要翻译了那俺就随时终止；2。俺没有商业目的，译版版权归杨同学，俺啥也不要，也不承担法律责任；3。没有杨同学授权，不敢擅自发在国外网站，发在原帖处，荣誉归8264；4。俺英语水平有限，欢迎指正，欢迎转贴。 Northern Wilderness, Solo Traverse of the Great Chang TangBy Yang LiusongIt has been three months since I traversed the unpopulated region in the Great Chang Tang. There are many like-minded asking me about it. I now present this thread to briefly tell everybody about my journey.The starting point of this traverse was from the highest peak of the western part of the Tibetan plateau, Jieshan Daban, and the day was April 20, 2010.I was heading eastward passing Bungdag Co, Yanghu Co, Rola Co, and Kangzhagri Mountain, which crossed over the desolate region from west to east. The journey continued northward to enter the unpopulated area of Altun Mountains, through Hoh Xil Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Whale lake, ..., finally met some people by the Aqqikkol Hu and then arrived in Huatugou by vehicle three days later and that day was July 5. It had been 77 days in total. I had been all alone 74 days after leaving Jieshan Daban until arriving inAqqikkol Hu, which was about 1400km and about four months.[The Great Chang Tang] In Tibetan, "Chang Tang" means northern empty wilderness while narrowly, means unpopulated region in northern part of Tibet. However, it actually indiCATes all of the no man's land in northern. The great Chang Tang includes desolate places in Northern Tibet, Hoh Xil, Alun Mountains, and Kunlun Mountains, which are interconnected to form the unique and super empty wilderness in the world. Only because Hoh Xil is the most known name, most people just think this vast land is equivalent to Hoh Xil. In reality, Hoh Xil is only a small piece of the Great Chang Tang both administratively and geologically. The Great Chang Tang, the last land to chase your freedom and dream.The route that I traversed ForeplayI arrived in Tibet in the early March, a couple of troubles bothered me. The brand new plug got its positive and negative wrongly connected; the rivets of my rucksack eASIly got broken from now and again; and a multi-functional charger got damaged and so on. Riding my bike to Ngari for warming up of this journey, lost my rucksack but later got it back; lost my camera bag and got it back later again, and finally lost a big bicycle pannier in the street of Gyangze town under the eyes of police, including clothes, solar panel and so on.Without much choice, I returned to Lhasa to adjust all the stuff I would need in the wilderness. Then I begged some luck by going to Nyingchi to enjoy the blossoms of peach trees and to take a hot spring bath. I even had the privilege to enjoy time with ten girls in the hot spring. I felt my bad luck had all gone and then returned to Lhasa again to prepare going to Ngari. I did not expect that I was cheated on by some hustler and lost some money and delayed my schedule for a week. I had to find a car myself quickly to Nagri. However, I lost the tool for fast-parting my rear wheel on my way to Nagri, where was a remote area in Tibet and nowhere to buy the tool. Even if there was one in Lhasa it would take at least ten days for a special delivery service. I was lucky that my mate Duola asked a driver to bring the tool for me from Lhasa. I thought there should be no more nightmare like this but the nozzle of my brand new multi-fuel stove was broken. The next day I tried everywhere to weld them back together. The first three shops could not do the welding for copper. The fourth one said they could do it but could not guarantee a sUCCess. The engineer said it would be ten Chinese yuans if it was a success. I agreed. Just in seconds, my nozzle became crap in a flash of lightening. I was so upset. Again, Duola helped me by bringing her own MSR oil stove and Dingding's sleeping bag to Nagri. That was already April 16 and I did not have much time to waste. The following day I found a vehicle heading to Jieshan Daban.The sand storm over Yarlung Zangbo RiverA lonely peach tree blossoming in Yarlung Zangbo Grand CanyonNatural hot spring in wild, me singing and drinking (photo by a friend of mine) Day 1(April 20), 16km, Camping 5192mIt was a truck with a full load of iron wastes, arriving in Jieshan Daban at 6'o clock in the morning. It was still night and extremely cold and dark. Driver was not bothered to pop his head out of the driving cab. I climbed up on the top of the iron wastes, taking my bicycle down. In a hurry, I punched my old water bag. Fortunately I had another MSR water bag given by a friend of mine otherwise I would definitely fail without even starting my journey. For the first time for me to set up the brand new tent in strong, cold winds. It would be impossible to do so if the tent was not a whole piece. Extremely cold outside, about -15C, might be lower than that, I put my head into the sleeping bag but was nearly suffocated to death, honestly. The smell of Dingding's sleeping bag was, lol, so extraordinary. I woke up around 11 o'clock. There were still strong winds outside so that I had to use my bodyweight to keep the tent in place. At the time when I just started to cook and eat, four patrolling soldiers approached me. To their surprise someone, in this season, camped in Jieshan Daban. I was so nervous and afraid they were the people to block my journey because I was caught and deported from the desolate land last year. Luckily the four soldiers did not know my destination and were very kind to me. After they left, I immediately packed my stuff and pushed my bike into the depths of the unpopulated area just in case anything unexpected happened.The bike was very heavy due to the provisions and hard to control. There was even a quite small hill that I had to remove my bike panniers to get over it. This really struck me because this happened even the path was still the hardship one at the moment and I could not imagine what I would do once I entered the uncertain, endless wilderness. Until now I had not met anyone, even the nomadic pastoralists. I remembered there were quite a few of them roaming at the edge of the northern Tibetan plateau last year. All of these indicated it was not the good pasture season in such low temperature and strong winds. Around 16km there was a sheep cote, where I passed it last year, east of Lungmu Co. I was exhausted at this point so that I decided to camp in here and to rest my head. After arranging tent everything I went out to look for the wetland discovered by Duola and Liumeng last year. I was determined to find it.There were many hot springs in the wetland which were underground water with a constant temperature. The wetland therefore became an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such harsh weather, which was the very unique land feature of terrain in this over 5200m highland.Perpetual snow in the valley blown to corn shape by strong windsThis wetland was discovered by Duola and Liumeng. The workers at a nearby mine did not know it and I too missed it last yearUnderground water with a constant temperature, an ideal habitat for some fishes and weeds under such icy weather 感谢大伙儿支持和加分，不一一回复了。特别感谢多啦，希望能有机会一起喝酒吃肉。 Day 2 (April 21), 0km, Camping5192mBlustering gale all night, up and down like ocean waves. The next day rather than continuing to travel, I stayed inside the sheep cote, hesitating and pondering over. Indeed, there were so many problems before this journey;I did not have sufficient physical preparation;the load had already reached its limitation; I still coughed a lot;the weather was so extreme and cold. All in all, I did not think this journey was well prepared and I did not have confidence in completing this journey mentally and physically. To do, or not to do, it was the question. Similarly I did not have confidence in my facilities, not knowing whether all of them would work functionally or not. The fact was one of the rivets got broken again and the front rack came loose. In the afternoon, I replaced all the rivets of the panniers with screws I had prepared before. This was an excellent job I had done which gave me no further troubles throughout my whole journey. I also re-adjusted the front rack. However I did not think it would definitely all right because I did not have a tool to do it. When the darkness descended,I made up my mind to continue my journey, which, of course, was not beyond any imagination. Orchid-like weedsSmall springs everywhere, clear and chillyA thin layer of ice covering the fresh spring water The sheep cote, it was the door under the sleeping bag, which was in the same place as last year, everything looked like yesterdayThe wetland at duskLungmu Co at dusk. You could hear the gigantic sound of wind if the picture had a sound Day 3 (April 22), 52.4km, Camping 5145mGot up in the morning, could not put everything into the bags. Without much choice I had to throw away three portions of tsampa, elbow pads, and crampons. Following the road of the lead-zinicmine I found the side path to enter the wilderness, which was on the riverbed and very hard to see. I missed this side path last year so that I had to take a short cut into the wilderness directly then. That was why I had taken extra care to find the side path. The following journey was to get over a big hill, which lay 5275m above sea level and was the highest point of my whole journey. Around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, I passed the side path leading to Orba Co and started a journey which was complete strange to me. I ate a piece of pilot breads, which was frozen like rocks so that I had to use my spade to crush it. At 6 o'clock in the evening, I had pushed plus rode my bicycle for about 32 km. I reckoned I should have been able to double this if I did no carry such heavy load. The wind became stronger and stronger. I opened the parasail kits and tested it. The result was far beyond what I expected. With the aid of the strong wind I was just like flying over the wilderness. After 8 o'clock in the evening, I started to observe the water Source and to get ready to camp. Map showed there were successive springs along the path and assembled to puddles. But I had overestimated the water source here in this land and in this season there were endless wilderness inside the valley, where I could not see a single drop of water. As it became darker and darker, I felt a little bit nervous which resulted in three spokes of the parasail broken and became a useless rubbish. Anyway, it helped me to move forward 20km more which benefited me a lot later on. When time approached 9.30 pm, it was almost completely dark. I had to lie my bike on the ground and went on to try to find water on the north side of the valley. This was a wide and flat sandy land, where I could not see any ditches there and further was complete darkness. I returned to get my GPS to look up the contours and found the south part of the valley was closer to a hill so I took the way. Finally I found a piece of ice in a ditch. I smashed about 20litre of ice. The ice was quite shallow scattered with sheep poo. On my way back, my eyes were hurt by strong winds, which got me a couple of days to recover. It was nearly 23 o'clock after I set up the tent. It also took about 40 mins to melt the ice. I was so tired and my appetite was completely spoiled. I then had a little bit of milk. I had never expected thing would go like this, it was so distressing. Streams along the path, ice everywhereThe river flew into Matou Hu, in whose north part there was a satellite lake, a wonderful ice-skating court It took 40mins to melt the ice in midnight Day 4 (April 23), 31km, Camping 5028mA cloudy day with gusts. From now and again, hails chased me from behind. Sunny spell. Heavy sandy land made me have to push my bike. At 3pm, I arrived at Luxing Hu, where there was a house made of clay. This was the last permanent building of my journey. Last year, Duola and Liumeng once lived in this house for three days without meeting anybody. It seemed it was the same but the truck parking in front of the house made me worry about. I went to the sheep cote first to check over, where there were only a few lambs following me everywhere I went later on. This made me feel warm in my heart. I observed farther places using my binoculars but could not see any people or sheeps. After making sure there were no people around I opened the locked door using a screwdriver. The living room was very clean. There were two boxes of beverages on the ground and a string of cured lamb legs hanging over in the interior room. A pot of water was on the top of the stove, lukewarm, which indicated the host must be not far away from his home. I filled up my water bag and left the house. I also put the screws back to the door in order not to leave any trace of my visiting. I then took a spanner from the toolbox of the truck, which gave me great help for the rest of the journey.I left the house as quickly as possible. After last year's experience, the nomadic pastoralists were the last people I wanted to meet. A few hundred meters away from the house, the vehicle traces were fading fast. Even downhill, I had to push rather than to ride because of the heavy loose sand. From the route point of view, only after Luxing Hu it was the real unpopulated land. After many days, I thought of the lamb legs from time to time. It was pity that I then had plenty of provisions and the bike was too heavy to carry anything more. Continue to melt the ice under the morning sunshine, all of the sheep poo had been removed carefullyCamping site, the little hill over there was the place where I got the ice last nightThe house by the Luxing Hu, empty, the last permanent building I saw throughout my journeyDay 5 (April 24), 19.8km, Camping 4951mSet off at 10.30 in the morning, the weather was similar to yesterday. Probably this road was the high plain or somewhere the wind passed so that it was so windy. The average wind speed was degree 6 but could reach degree 9 in the blick of an eye. The road was still full of sand and very heavy to walk on it. My eyes became worse under such harsh weather. About three o'clock in the afternoon, I saw something in my right, looked like antenna. I went closer to see what it was and found out it was an iron tower (the triangulation station). In 1970s, a joint team from Chinese three military regiments entered this area doing research. They have left a lot of triangulation stations and benchmarks, which I had the priviledge to see them today.At dusk, I approached to a spring by the Bungdag Co, which flew into the frozon lake. The sand and soil, brought by the strong wind, scattered on the surface of the ice all over the lake. There were so many cracks around the icey surface of the lake. I geussed it must be caused by the springs under the water rather than by melted ice. In the west of the Bungdag Co was the side path leading to Keriya Pass, where a SUV could reach directly. I had looked out any vehicle Tracks but failed. The cloudy sky started to snow. I set up the tent comfortably because I knew that I was safe having such a sweet spring beside me.Triangulation station erected by scientists from the joint research team on Chang Tang of three military regiments in 1971[size=+0]The gap between water and ice in Bungdag Co, I guessed there must be some springs under the lakeThe storm just above the ground, a chaotic darkness[size=+0]Icy Bungdag Co,one of the four biggest lakes in Northern Tibet, wild ducks flying over this vastness and lonenessSnowing at any time, should not happen so frequently like this in this seasonDay 6 (April 25), 4.3km, Camping 5002mWeathering landforms everywhere around this area. Spongy volcanic rocks could be found easily. I pushed my bike turning around a small hill, seeing a big river, the Yinshui He, flowing from Orba Co into Bungdag Co, which I had been to its upstream last year. It was also a passage for animal migration. The downstream of the river was extremely wide and broad. The thickess of the ice layer could reach one meter with the main stem in the middle course of the river, very deep. There were a few springs along the river, sweet and clear.I only went forward a little bit more than 4km but I had walked more than 20km for finding my way. It was not possible to cross the main stem, let alone the north bank of Bungdad Co. What I could only do was to try to find a shallow place to cross. But the southern area was a even larger piece of wetland and forced the road turn towards west. I spent a couple of hours but failed to find a good point to cross the river. In the afternoon, I decided to follow the edge of the wetland. When I reached the hill foot, the wetland finally disappeared. Around this area, there were clearly volcanic feature of terrain and I even found traces of pasturing and cairns made from volcanic rock.Here was the last pasturing trace I found throughout my journey, I guessed it was a summer pasture area. After this, there was no clear sign of human activities in this vast wilderness. I had been looking for my ways until it was dark. I made up my mind where to go TOMOrrow. The terrain here looked like Yardang landforms, as well as volcanic landforms The Yinshui He river from Orba CoSprings scattered all over the river bank, painted green by lovely algaeThe river was very deep. The mixture of green and amber colour showed the sand and mud carried by the melted iceThick layer of ice, sunken surface caused by strong gustsThe south course of the Yinshui He, countless small streams. To the right was the wetlandLooking for ways in the east, a trace of pasturing and the cairn made from spongy volcanic rocksMy camp, opposite to the hillDay 7 (April 26), 11km, Camping 5009mI moved forward to the direction I found yesterday, turning around the wetland and walking toward east. At 2pm, I was blocked by the zigzag Yinshui He again and I had no choice but to cross it. The river was about 700m wide, covered by ice which appeared very different. The hanging ice, the folding ice, the piling-up ice, the icy puddle, and the sleet were everywhere along the river bank. Having noticed all of these, I reckoned the river would be receding at dusk, which was why there were so many different shapes and forms of ice. I put my slipper on, going into the main stream of the river. I found there were at least three different courses of the river, the thickness of the surface ice varied and the river water reached above my knees. I sighed there would be no way back once I crossed this river. There are many ways in one's life too, you can only take it once and you will no long have the courage to repeat it.I pushed the bike crossing the river. Some of the ice was a bit soft, jamming the tyres so that I had to use my feet to break them first. Some of the ice was a bit thick but with half-melted underneath, sticking the the bike completely, some of the ice was half-water half-ice with a sandy riverbed, which was really hard to pass. I had to remove all of the panniers at the last stage of the crossing. I spent the whole four hours to cross the river, my legs got many bloody cuts. At 6pm, the surface ice was almost disappeared completely, the river level rapidly rising to a chaotic status. I thought if I hesitated a little bit at that time, I could not have the courage to cross this river under such circumstances. The river bank was unimaginably sandy and was quite steep. I had to unloaded the panniers again to reach the top of the bank. By the time of sunset, the weather became exceptionally good. The sunlight from the descending sun, the blue sky, the faint moon, .... I liked such a colorful and peaceful Chang Tang and very much enjoyed my camp and myself bathed in such beautiful colour.The ice like this was very thin and suspended, far away from the main stemHard surface with half-melted underneath, the soft sand at the botton was most scaryThe ice like this could easily jam the wheels, hard to get it outI had to unload the panniersChaotic water and terrible hails turned up in no timeThe Chang Tang at the moment liked it used to be,a mixture of cold and warm tones under the golden setting sun Day 8 (April 27), 14.6km, Camping 5112mLast night, I forgot to bring in the odometer, which was out of order due to the coldness in midnight. Since then I used GPS to check the mileage. The digital thermometer was no longer working. I had to use mercury thermometer to collect data. Night temperatures were basically between –15℃—–20℃ while the temperature inside my tent was about –10℃. The advantage of the integrated tent was that it limited the ventilation so to keep warm inside. However, it got clearly disadvantage of heavy condensation and dew. Every morning, there was plenty of frost inside the tent so that I had to put my hood on First Before fully getting dressed. The winds in Chang Tang finally became consistent with the pattern I had researched the other day no or very tiny wind in the morning, strong wind started after 2pm, and then at around 8pm its strength was reduced again. The accuracy of this prediction was about 80%.The road was very bad today. I walked whole afternoon in an ancient riverbed and it was so difficult that I had to use all of my strengths to move a small step forward and then to stop to breath, slower than a snail. After five hours' struggling, my eyes got wet when I saw the grassy river bank. Finally! The nightmare was over.Cold and clear morningHeavy morning condensation in the interior, a lot of frost to clearSuch dawning sunlight indicated a cloudy day ahead Day 9 (April 28), 18km, 5072mIn the morning I entered a range of sandy roads which were so terrible. The solar panel specially designed for GPS got short circuited. After checking it was found to be the diode got damaged. Luckily I got a replacement. Because the GPS was exclusively supplied by a solar panel so that it was no longer a problem for the power supplement of GPS. In a period of 70 days, I did replace the battery once, which saved me a lot of alkaline batteries. I did have another solar panel of 5.4 W which was used specifically for 7.5V Camera, DV and other digital facilities. Unlike water, I had never been short of power.At 7pm in the evening, I arrived at Pur Co. The surface of this lake was very odd the ice by the river bank rose and the river bank was broken, I reckoned that was due to the strong winds. The ice there was mingled with something yellow, could be the stain of alkali. There were many wild yaks on the other side of the lake. There could be two brown bears but I could not be for certain. On the east side of the lake, there was a peninsula leading to the centre of the lake. I camped just opposite to the peninsula. At night , I smashed the ice to get drinking water, which tasted alkali. For the first time I cooked the cereals, which was brought completely by accident. This was just because I found there was a little bit of extra space when I was in Nagri packing the stuff for this journey so that I bought two packs of cereals. It tasted disgusting, probably there was too much alkali in the water. I threw away half of it. Later I realised that probably I subconsciously felt that the provisions was so heavy. I would rather make it lighter at any cost.Dry all my stuff in the morning sun, a routine matterA faint dusk in Pur CoThe river bank pushed up by ice and opened like zipper by gustsThe pushed up surface of the iceThe place where I got my drinking water, a thin layer of ice behind the ablation corns The moment just before sun set, glittering Pur Co, nothing was the same差点儿没找到俺自己的帖子，原来变色了。多谢各位鼓励。 Day 10 (April 29), 16km, Camping 5141mIn the morning, I walked around the north bank of the Pur Co， where it were continuous ups and downs sprinkled with light yellow sprouts across the sparse grassland. The wild yaks clustered into small groups. All of a sudden, there was a group of five of them running towards me, blowing a huge cloud of dust with the power of thunderbolts,I believed that anyone who did not know the characters of the wild yaks must be frightened to death under such circumstances. The fact was the wild yaks in groups never injured people. Rushing to you just to show you its territory. When they approached people at certain distance, they would turn sharply and run away, and then stopped somewhere high to stare at you. You can not imagine that the wild yaks were very cautious animals compared with its almost one ton of weight. Their first reaction, when meeting people, was to raise their tails, the front hooves rubbing against the ground, the horns pointing forward, the eyes redden, and the long body hair shaking, all of which showed their determination to fight.This was the warning sign that you should retreat. However, you should realise that this was only a gesture that they were afraid of you and wanted to scare you away. The thing was that if you were not afraid of them and moved forward, they would run away in no time. There were only some mad yaks attacking people, which was really rare to happen. In Chang Tang, an experienced driver know that it is very dangerous to pass directly from two or three lonely wild yaks. They always tried to avoid confronting them directly. If this was not possible, they would lit a cigarette, smoking, to wait until the yaks walked away themselves. This was because the wild yaks really could attack vehicles, which was not completely rumors. I once asked them why I had not been attacked. They told me that because my bike was so small they would not be bothered to attack it. My own experience was that approaching a wild yak very slowly, do not look into its eyes, and ignored what it was doing. As long as it moved forward a little bit, just stop and give the yaks a little bit of time to think. Because if you forced the yak, it could be themost dangerous animal in the world and nothing could stop them killing. Even a gunshot could not kill it but only left a small hole in its skin. In the past, the nomads living near this land would use yaks' skin as chopping board which was very much endurable. At noon, I lost my balacLAVA, which was brand new and I had never used it once. I could not be bothered to go back tofind it. This resulted in that I had to have my fleece hat day and night in the rest of my journey, which did not provide fully protection from the sun in the plateau. But somehow I was all right, perhaps because my skin is similar to those of yaks, lol. At around half past one, I found a deserted Jeep, upside down. I felt it could be there for years and it could be the vehicle of someillegal HUNTERs. Nowadays, we have wildlife conservation reserves in Chang Tang and the animals here are well protected. However, some people kills the wild yaks to sell them as the domestic yak's meat. In general, it is worth 10,000 Chinese yuans for a single wild yak. Therefore many people take the risk to make money. They often enter the unpopulated areas to hunt and their activities can reach 200 km in diameter. This is why the wild yaks in the deep wilderness are less afraid of people than thoseat the boundaries of the Chang Tang region.There once happened that a wild yak mother revenged its baby's murder in the Altun mountains. Its horns pierced the killer's chest and held his body over its head for more than ten days, which was very touching.Around 3pm, I walked out of the Pur basin. The next point was Hong Shan Daban and then it was the Yueya Hu by the Toze Gangri. At this time I found a vehicle track from south to north. I checked over but could not find the way where they had gone. I took my map, GPS, and compass, climbing up a small hill to estimate the location of Hong Shan Daban. The mountain was very round and it was hard to find the mountain pass. After determining the location of the Daban, I moved straightforward. When I passed a messy grassland, I saw something that I was reluctant to see more than hundreds of wild yaks' head scattered all over, which was definitely the scene of the illegal hunting. After that it was a very long ancient river bed with soft sand slowly rising until the foot of the mountain.There are some spines on the surface of the tongues of wild yaks, which are used by nomads in this area as combs. They use them from their teens to the time when their hair becomes silver.The deserted Jeep, could be left by illegal hunters years agoThe slaughtered wild yaks with the wheel size heads. Some of the skulls were chopped into half. Why was that? Could be taken away for making combs?My camp at the foot of the Daban underthe lingering golden rays of the setting sun. Tomorrow's weather must be wonderful, I reckoned Day 11(April 30)， 20.4km, Camping 5120mThe surface of the road leading to Hong Shan Daban was very hard, most of them were small rocks, sort of gravels, plus a quite long downhill slope, I pushed my bike more than 20km for the first time after Luxing Hu. The mountain pass was quite flat, just like a broad ridge, it was 5256m above the sea level. Upon arriving at the pass, Toze Gangri of 6356m was in my sight clearly, very much round and there was no back bone like normal snow covered mountains. Most of the snow mountains in Chang Tang looked like this probably it was due to the geological movements. There were quite a few chirus or Tibetan antelopes in the valley but I was not interested in this kind of animals anymore after I witnessed a large scale of migration of such animals last year elsewhere.The herbivorous animals here are very quick to reach its original size of the population, such as wild yaks, chirus, Tibetan gazelle, pika, and marmot. When you go into the depths of the Chang Tang, you could hardly be surpised by the sudden appearance of the chirus because they are so common in here. At this time of year, the chirus have already male-female parted. You could see many pregnant female chirus but hardly see any males. According to recent research, Zonag Co is not the only lake for breeding. There are at least four of them in the whole Chang Tang. Zonag Co, Tuzi Hu, Heishi Beihu, and another lake I can not remember. I think there must be more than four of them and most of the populations do not migrant long way like most people used to think. They generally migrant from south to north between Central Mountains and Kunlun Mountains.The chirus looks very timid but are very curious about outside world. They are not really afraid of people, particularly in the depth of the Chang Tang. The nearest distance we can approach is about 30m. They just stare at you calmly and think who you are and why you move so slow. They would run in front of you. Look like they are afraid of you but the fact is they are playing with you. A man's own character shapes his fortune. This is of course suit for animals too. The chirus are the typical one. They have a super speed and a pair of sharp antlers. If they are crazy, three of them work together could easily kill a wolf. But as you might have known, their antlers are just for fighting to mate with females.Down the Daban there was a very steep and straight road, I tried to ride the bicycle but ended up with falling over. The front rack came loose and one of the pannier flew into valley. The foot of the mountain was the Yueya Hu covered by ice, which was alake full of heavy metal elements. Along the lake bank there were many stark rocks very much weathered, lining up just like castles or houses. This made me stop to investigate what they were from time to time, I did understand they were just rocks though but they were so real like the figures of real people. On of them even made me hide in a ditch, observing them again and again using my binoculars. There were also many black volcanic rocks. All in all, the features of this area were really unusual.Passed over the Yueya Hu, it was an endless ancient lake bed. What my GPS showed was this area was a big lake like tentacles. I looked around, it was endless wilderness without a piece of ice and a drop of water. Roughly, I estimated this lake bed was about 1200 square meters. I had to tell you that Chang Tang was a place where there was no high-resolution map. The marks in the map often were some kind of memory. Just like this ancient lake bed under my feet, may be it was full of water a few years ago. Who knows. Pushing the bike in such an endless lake bed was very easy to get lost. My mind was in a chaotic status too.The migration of the animals, photo taken last year The road rising up to the Daban, full of gravels, very hard, ideal for pushing your bikeThe Yueya Hu gazed at by the round and smooth Toze Gangri. At a glimpse, could you tell which was mountain, which was cloud?Ancient lake bed. The white stains were the alkali, look like ice. About wildlife (part 1)Declaration Personal experience for reference onlyDangerous wild animals and their threats to human beings are a ever-LASTING subject for those backpackers travelling in the wild.In Chang Tang, for example, there are two kinds of deadly animals, one is wolves and the other is brawn bears. As substitutes, wild yaks and crows might be dangerous to you in some circumstances that I will come back to this a little bit later on. As for how to protect yourself against these dangerous animals, I think the primary point is you do not try to hurt them because the emotions of human and animals are same instinctively. [Wolves]Throughout my journey, I met wolves a total of seven times, in which I confronted them five times. As you might have known that wolves have become more and more solitary animals, it is very rare they live in a large group nowadays. Please allow me off the point a little bit and talk about the ecological problems in Chang Tang. The problem is now not the decrease of the number of the chirus but the imbalance of the whole food chain, more specifically, the number of the animals on the higher trophic levels of the food chain has not yet reached its ideal level which results in this kind of imbalance. Particularly, the pikas and the marmots who have lost their predators rapidly expanse which results in the desertification of Chang Tang. As early as the middle of last century, wolves were the dominant predators in the vast wilderness. They became a threat not only to other preys but also nomads pasturing in this land. Therefore, the then government called on people to cull back the population of the wolves in Chang Tang, which resulted in the current situation directly. The last official record about wolves attacking humans was around 1970s, which happened in Bamaoqiongzong. A team of secientists was surrounded by a group of wolves and they had to shoot them using guns. Of course, at present in Chang Tang, wolves are absolutely lonely.In this traverse, the first time I encountered a pair of wolves, one of them staying in front of me pretending to attack me while the other staying behind me. This is the standard attacking strategy of wolves. First, you should not be nervous which can be easily detected by the predators. Second, you should not retreat even an inch because this means you are the prey rather than the predator. Do not make any large movement, of course you could take a picture if you feel safe to do so. You must look into its eyes for a few minutes or even half an hour. When the wolves can not work out who you are and consider you are not posing any danger to them, then they will leave. You should remember that wolves in this land do not lack of food and it is much easy for them to catch a pika than a human. Even if being hungry, they would evaluate how easy to get you done, What you need to do is to show them that you are not interested in them and you are not afraid of them at all, let alone to show your ID card to them. As for the wolves family, really, I have not heard for ages. If you really have an encounter with them and they have no other choice, then it definitely depends on your forture. In fact, for so many year, it has been very rare to happen that wolves kill human. But the rumours are still there, in particular, the road connecting Xinjiang and Tibet.The nearest encounter with a wolf throughout my journey, no conflict at all[Brown Bears]Brown bears are real dangerous animals to human. Every year there are some accidents happened in some regions of Xinjiang on the north side of Kunkun Mountains and steppes in Northern Tibet. More than that the bears could attack your house, smash your windows, and eat your sheep. Therefore, in Northern Tibet some local councils give subsidies to the pastorarists for compensating the losses due to the bears because they are not allow to fight back and kill the bears except their lives are in great danger. Once there was a nomad taught me a method to protect yourself from bears. He told me to pick up a stick to feed the bear and the bear thinks the stick is your hand which tastes disgusting. So the bear would leave. It was so funny but the reality is to find a stick in this vast wilderness is just like you win the lottery.Bears are omonivorous animal who are generally not interested in human flesh. You can find that in most of accidents, the bears did not eat any of the human flesh rather they just smashed them for kind of fun that we could not understand. For the reason why bears kill human, one explanation is the conflict between human and wildlife in this extreme ecological environment. The nomads invade the habitats of the bears, which results in these conflicts. On the other hand, it might be because bears have quite high IQ so that they think it is much easy to kill a sheep in the cote rather than to kill a pika in the wild.I have met bears five times in my traverse, in two cases we were very close to each other. I had even walked with one of them for quite a while, just like we had a date for a walk. The fact is it is not that terrible like you might imagine. The same rules for dealing with wolves apply to bears. Never provoke dangerous animals. A bear can run at a speed of 40km/h, do you think you can compete this in a highland 5,000m above sea level?However, there is a situation where it is really dangerous, that is the encounter. It is not easy to control your instinctive reaction to the external dangers. Last year once I turned around a hill, there was a bear just in front of me. The bear of course was frightened by me with its front legs holding up, waving in the air and roaring. At that time I sat on the ground, ignoring it. The bear then left in a few minutes. Chang Tang is a vast land so that this is not that easy to happen. But if it does happen, really only God can bless you.The nearest encounter with a bear throughout my journey. This bear disappeared in a herd of wild yaks, which I had tried hard to spot, really weird About wildlife (part 2)Declaration personal experience for reference only.[Wild Yaks]I have talked about quite a few, like in the post of Day10. I will no longer talk about it.This was the funniest encounter with a solitary wild yak, who did not warn me. If I sat down, it sat down too. If I moved forward, it stopped. Could not imagine what it was thinking about.[Crows]Crows are dangerous only when you fall unconscious in the wilderness. Of course they will be the first to taste your flesh in that case. Unlike their cousinsliving in urban areas, the crows in Chang Tang have a larger body like eagles. When they fly over your head, you could feel like it is a piece of cloud. They are scavengers but like fresh meat too. It once happened that a baby was killed by crows relentlessly, let alone the lambs got killed by them. Once a nomad asked me for fireworks to scare the crows away. (They are sacred birds not to be killed by human)It is easy to defend yourself against crows, that is to keep fighting, never fall in the wilderness.A short break attracted the crows. Of course, they were miscalculating this time, photo taken last year[Strategies Adopted]At the time when I met the four soldiers in Jieshan Daban, they said there were many dangerous animals in the Northern Tibet and asked me if I had brought a shotgun. I think if they knew that I would enter Chang Tang they would definitely check if I really have a shotgun. The so-called defence facilities I brought with me were the fireworks and pepper spray. I had never used them. The fireworks were ruined and thrown away when I crossed a river and I had never opened the pepper spray. I even had never thought about this when camping in the night. The reason was I did not feel the needs. During the day time whenever I met any animals I had never touched the knife I had brought. I did not have anything to defend myself when I walked out to investigate the route. The Chang Tang is really a vast area so as to be very easy to detect anything strange.By the way, you'd better to avoid mating season's animals because even tamed rabbits could be aggressive in mating season.The thing is even if you have a gun, it is not very much helpful when bears attack you. Therefore, your attitude is most important.I can tell you something. Dogs are more dangerous than these wild animals. I had been chased by Tibetan dogs, pounced on by dogs in mating season, also besieged by a group of dogs. I really feel it is more useful to know how to defend a dog.Declaration again The above experience is from Chang Tang only. Of course, the more you prepared, the better. Day 12 (May 1), 23.8km, Camping 5117mToday was May 1 -- the Labour Day, I had been walking in some lake area marked in the map but clearly dried up. The lake basin was flat and hard so that I even pushed my bike more than 20km. Let it be the special treat for my May Day. After midday it became cloudy with growing winds. Since the Yueya Hu that I passed yesterday, there were no big lakes until Yanghu Co (My route would be between Jianshui Hu and Bairab Co), there was even no light alkaline water to drink so I had to pay extra attention not to miss any possible drinking water supply to fill up my water bag. There were a few very small lakes but all were alkaline puddles which was very shallow, whose depth was no more than the length of a half-finger. These puddles were covered with a hard shell of the mixture of salt and ice which smelled stinking and decaying when getting closer, must be toxic water I supposed. On the shore of this type of small lakes it was muddy soil and very hard to get closer.There was no sign of tundra at all.It was almost half past six when I found some snow corns in a ditch, which was the only drinking water supply of the day. There was a thin layer of melted ice on the surface of the ground near the snow corn, which was very hard to collect and was contaminated by the alkali. The snow corn was the yet melted thick snow, which was shaped like a corn by wind. The snow was quite hard and dry,porous like ice. I crushed a few snow corns, putting them into the water bag.They would be my drinking water tonight. These snow corns were the only one in today's wilderness, I reckoned the reason why they were not melted like others was the soil underneath contained large amount of ice blocks which acted as a freezer.Very strong gale in the night, it was hard to bear the sound of the vibration of the tent. Small single tent was good in the sense that it would not be blown away as long as you stayed inside. But you had to be very careful to set up the tent. I once did not pay much attention when doing so, the tent was blown away by winds, and rolling over like a Giant lantern ... I ran after it, got it back, and was exhausted. In general, it is not possible to fix the tent completely using tent pegs because they were not very much effective like large tents. It was snowing around 23 o'clock, the winds were howling from north,then the falling snow flakes landed on my tent quietly, I finally felt at peace and fell asleep. The flat ancient lake basin, assisting me walking more than 20kmSmall lake en route, toxic waterSnow corns, the only drinking water supply today Day 13 (May 2), 0km, Camping 5117mWaking up in the morning and opening the tent, the heavy snow outside must be sent by the God to force me have a break for the May Day. After lying in for a while, getting up and walking on the snowy ground out I went to have a look around. As first sight there were a herd of chirus. They were plainly to be spotted because they looked like a clear black straight line in the while snow. I returned to get my camera and then followed them to take some pictures. But they were very much alert and kept a quite long distance from me. I felt they were a group of pregnant females, instinctively protecting themselves from any potential harm. I was no longer short of water, the snow gave me a precious supply of drinking water. The problem was that they were very petrol consuming. I tool 8.6 litre of petrol and the oil stove was Duola's MSR. The pot was of 1.5 litre, mainly for boiling water. After several days' experiments, I found that the liquid water needed 16mins and 14-15mins to boil in the morning and evening, respectively. For ice, it would take 35-40mins while for snow it took 45-50mins. Melting snow was a very time and petrol consuming process so if I had a choice between snow and light alkaline water, most of time I would go with the latter. Lying inside the tent, listening to musics,I smoked a cigarette while gazing at the more and more chirus around me. Because it was very cold I had been wearing my shoes all the time. Now I just put my bare feet under the warm sun for some fresh air. I found three cuts in my hands and one in my sole. The cuts were about 4cm in length, looked terrible but it was actually all right really. Half of my toes were injured by to much walking, quite painful. I fetched my medicine bag and found I only got four patches of plasters, a serious mistake. One of the cuts in my hand had never been cured until I was out of this desolate land so as to feel like this finger would drop from my hand at any time. The others quickly recovered in a few days then new cuts appeared elsewhere. This process occurred periodically. I felt that it was somewhat related to the cold, dry weather and the lack of vitamins. The snow rapidly disappeared, which is unique phenomenon in Chang Tang. Because of the low air humidity and the high radiation from the sun, the snow was evaporating very fast, much quicker than the melting speed. Owing to this, the ground was generally still dry after the snow disappeared. In most cases, it would be only 2/5 left in the afternoon around 2 to 3 o'clock and small patches of ground could be seen. It would be completely all right for walking the next day. On the third day there could be some snow left in somewhere the sunlight hard to reach. So generally it could give you three days of water supply after a heavy snow like this. One of the pannier was broken, the most expensive one from deuter series, supposed to be waterproof. I will come back to it at some point later. Everything was covered by snow, no way out Lying in the middle of Chang Tang, listening to Tian Zhen's songs, and smoking Baisha cigarettes, what else can you ask for? The pregnant female chirus in migration, probably heading to Heishi Beihu to give birth([]
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孙洁瑄始终相信，善良的人，会幸福。用照片和文字，记录一段时光，凭吊一些化作尘埃的往事，我，微笑如初康堤是这次旅行中的第二站，kandy在斯里兰卡语中意为“多山的”，山城气候湿暖，环境优美，是斯里兰卡的第二大城，也是锡兰王朝最后的古都。这里保留了封建时代的皇家建筑和有着异国风味的殖民建筑，使得斯里兰卡的文化精粹在康堤汇集。佛牙寺也是第2天的重点行程之一，庙门口有很多卖进贡仙佛的莲花～任何一株花草树木都不紧不慢，万物从容的生活在变迁世界。因为他们知道，在每一年中，它们都有一次开花的机会～都有属于自己最美丽的瞬间，鲜艳欲滴的展现在人们面前;3;⋯一九八八年经联合国列为世界人类遗产的“佛牙寺”是最著名的历史建筑，更是佛教徒的朝圣之地。佛牙寺则因供奉着佛祖释迦牟尼圆寂后的佛牙舍利而名扬世界。高达的菩提树下，幽然扫地的当地人 阳光很大，进寺庙不宜戴帽子，用头巾裹着防晒是个不错的选择如果行程安排的这1天打算参观佛牙寺，在着装上一定要多注意了，男人女人的衣服裤子裙子都要过膝盖才能进入参观哦！舟舟今天也走异国情调风格着装色彩鲜艳才有能和这里的风格融入佛牙寺的每一层建筑都像戴着一顶绅士帽式屋顶，这是典型的康缇式的建筑。妈妈带着孩子来朝拜，也是光着脚丫的～进门之前左侧的一排白墙～要在这里先把鞋子脱了再进去朝拜天空的颜色很通透，天气真好阿～带着小baby来朝拜的十分常见，孩子从小就培养了宗教信仰～话说这个萌孩子怎么和我一样裹的很严实佛牙寺作为全国最重要的佛庙，受到政府严密军警保护，入庙必须接受安全检查，入寺者务必脱鞋、服装端庄，以示虔诚。进门前把鞋子先存放在存鞋处，三人来张光脚丫的合影那里不但是佛教徒膜拜朝圣之处，也是游客的必到之所，更是斯里兰卡每位新总统上任前必须前往礼赞的地方。佛牙寺建于十五世纪，经过历代国王的扩建，规模宏大雄伟，主要入口处在西门，我们的身后就是入口周围有护寺河环绕，寺院建在高约六米的台基上～有上下两层，厅堂套厅堂，结构复杂，来朝拜的当地人络绎不绝 门廊上的艳丽彩绘，描述着当年护送佛牙进寺的故事，相传西元三一三年，古老的传说中，印度羯陵伽（Kalinga）国的艾玛玛菈（Hemamala）公主，将圆寂的释佛的一颗臼齿，藏在发髻中夹带到斯里兰卡，成了几经激烈烽火战争的锡兰岛民赖以寄讬的精神遗产。进入参观的门票，1000卢比人，相当于50rmb佛牙寺主要有佛殿、鼓殿、长厅、诵经厅、大宝库、内殿等，其中最重要的建筑是中心大殿。[size=#]一天定时开门三次供人遥拜，还有相应的祈福仪式[size=#]亭阁前供信徒念佛诵经，即使朝拜人数众多，一样是肃穆宁静。[size=#]亭阁前供信徒念佛诵经，即使朝拜人数众多，一样是肃穆宁静。朝拜祈福的当地人和游客是走不同的通道，每个孩子的表情都不一样，虽然拍虚了些，但依旧不影响我喜欢这张照片的氛围即使用纸壳捧着一把花儿，也是虔诚的象征和当地人一样席地而坐的我，静静的感受着这虔诚的氛围一个大眼睛的兰卡小姑娘朝我踉跄的走来～仿佛在问我，你在这里做什么呢？([]
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